Pipes

The Pipes File Descriptors To understand file descriptors (FDs), you have to look at one of the core design philosophies of Unix and Linux: “Everything is a file.” Whether a process is interacting with a regular text file, a directory, a hardware device (like a hard drive), a network socket, or an in-memory pipe, the kernel represents all of them as “files.” A file descriptor is simply the lightweight handle that user-space processes use to talk to these files. Here is the low-level architectural breakdown of how they work. ...